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Can you increment a char pointer in C?
For example, incrementing a char pointer will increase its value by one because the very next valid char address is one byte from the current location. Incrementing an int pointer will increase its value by four because the next valid integer address is four bytes from the current location.
Can a char pointer be incremented?
Incrementing the pointer to element 0 (first element) of an array advances the pointer by the number of bytes of the type contained by the array, in this case char. so your pointer is now pointing to the second character of the array, and the type of your pointer is char*.
What does char ++ do in C?
Software Engineering C
C uses char type to store characters and letters. However, the char type is integer type because underneath C stores integer numbers instead of characters.In C, char values are stored in 1 byte in memory,and value range from -128 to 127 or 0 to 255.
How do you increment a char value?
- Convert str into bytes.
- The result will an array containing ASCII values of all characters of a string.
- Adding 1 to the first char of converted bytes. The result will be an int.
- Convert the int into char.
How do you increment a pointer by 4 bytes?
Note that a cast to const char* on a 4 byte scalar int essentially gives you the ability to increment that pointer 7 times. (3 times for the int data, and a further 4 increments for one past the end on the original scalar).
Can we add two pointers in C?
Adding two pointers is illegal in c program but pointer and integer addition is legal. subtraction of two pointers is also legal. multiplication & division of two pointers are also illegal.
How do I assign a string to a pointer?
In the following code we are assigning the address of the string str to the pointer ptr . char *ptr = str; We can represent the character pointer variable ptr as follows. The pointer variable ptr is allocated memory address 8000 and it holds the address of the string variable str i.e., 1000.
c – Increment char pointer – Stack Overflow
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incrementing pointers!?!
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Dive Into Systems
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Increment char pointer
I think none of the answers fully answered op’s question: op wanted to dereference ‘h’ to ‘i’ , and he also wanted to know the reason that segmentFault came from his first code snippet
Combined above answers/comments, I list a full answer here:
A. op’s first confusion comes from the concept difference between char s[] and char *s :
char *s=”hello”; is to place “hello”, the string literal, in the read-only memory and make s as a pointer to this string literal, making any writing operation illegal. While if define :
char s[]=”hello”; is to put string literal in read-only memory and copy that string to another allocated memory on the stack, so that you can read/write directly on the stack memory (still, you are not touching read-only memory).
So dereference to char *test will given you a constant char, which is the first letter of a string literal located on read-only memory, that’s the reason trying to char a = (*tester)++ will fail, because this is a pointer operation on read-only memory, the behavior is undefined.
B. why the second code snippet works ?
writing a = *tester; means you declare another variable char a , then on stack memory, allocate some space for a char and initialize its value to be ‘h’ ; This is equivalently to have below:
char a; a = ‘h’;
Of course you can increment a .
Here is the example to the explicitly print out the address : run link
Dive Into Systems
2.9.4. Pointer Arithmetic
If a pointer variable points to an array, a program can perform arithmetic on the pointer to access any of the array’s elements. In most cases, we recommend against using pointer arithmetic to access array elements: it’s easy to make errors and more difficult to debug when you do. However, occasionally it may be convenient to successively increment a pointer to iterate over an array of elements.
When incremented, a pointer points to the next storage location of the type it points to. For example, incrementing an integer pointer ( int * ) makes it point to the next int storage address (the address four bytes beyond its current value), and incrementing a character pointer makes it point to the next char storage address (the address one byte beyond its current value).
In the following example program, we demonstrate how to use pointer arithmetic to manipulate an array. First declare pointer variables whose type matches the array’s element type:
#define N 10 #define M 20 int main() { // array declarations: char letters[N]; int numbers[N], i, j; int matrix[N][M]; // declare pointer variables that will access int or char array elements // using pointer arithmetic (the pointer type must match array element type) char *cptr = NULL; int *iptr = NULL; …
Next, initialize the pointer variables to the base address of the arrays over which they will iterate:
// make the pointer point to the first element in the array cptr = &(letters[0]); // &(letters[0]) is the address of element 0 iptr = numbers; // the address of element 0 (numbers is &(numbers[0]))
Then, using pointer dereferencing, our program can access the array’s elements. Here, we’re dereferencing to assign a value to an array element and then incrementing the pointer variable by one to advance it to point to the next element:
// initialized letters and numbers arrays through pointer variables for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { // dereference each pointer and update the element it currently points to *cptr = 'a' + i; *iptr = i * 3; // use pointer arithmetic to set each pointer to point to the next element cptr++; // cptr points to the next char address (next element of letters) iptr++; // iptr points to the next int address (next element of numbers) } Note that in this example, the pointer values are incremented inside the loop. Thus, incrementing their value makes them point to the next element in the array. This pattern effectively walks through each element of an array in the same way that accessing cptr[i] or iptr[i] at each iteration would. The semantics of pointer arithmetic and the underlying arithmetic function The semantics of pointer arithmetic are type independent: changing any type of pointer’s value by N , ( ptr = ptr + N ) makes the pointer point N storage locations beyond its current value (or makes it point to N elements beyond the current element it points to). As a result, incrementing a pointer of any type makes it point to the very next memory location of the type it points to. However, the actual arithmetic function that the compiler generates for a pointer arithmetic expression varies depending on the type of the pointer variable (depending on the number of bytes the system uses to store the type to which it points). For example, incrementing a char pointer will increase its value by one because the very next valid char address is one byte from the current location. Incrementing an int pointer will increase its value by four because the next valid integer address is four bytes from the current location. A programmer can simply write ptr++ to make a pointer point to the next element value. The compiler generates code to add the appropriate number of bytes for the corresponding type it points to. The addition effectively sets its value to the next valid address in memory of that type. You can see how the above code modified array elements by printing out their values (we show this first using array indexing and then using pointer arithmetic to access each array element’s value): printf(" array values using indexing to access: "); // see what the code above did: for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { printf("letters[%d] = %c, numbers[%d] = %d ", i, letters[i], i, numbers[i]); } // we could also use pointer arith to print these out: printf(" array values using pointer arith to access: "); // first: initialize pointers to base address of arrays: cptr = letters; // letters == &letters[0] iptr = numbers; for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { // dereference pointers to access array element values printf("letters[%d] = %c, numbers[%d] = %d ", i, *cptr, i, *iptr); // increment pointers to point to the next element cptr++; iptr++; } Here’s what the output looks like: array values using indexing to access: letters[0] = a, numbers[0] = 0 letters[1] = b, numbers[1] = 3 letters[2] = c, numbers[2] = 6 letters[3] = d, numbers[3] = 9 letters[4] = e, numbers[4] = 12 letters[5] = f, numbers[5] = 15 letters[6] = g, numbers[6] = 18 letters[7] = h, numbers[7] = 21 letters[8] = i, numbers[8] = 24 letters[9] = j, numbers[9] = 27 array values using pointer arith to access: letters[0] = a, numbers[0] = 0 letters[1] = b, numbers[1] = 3 letters[2] = c, numbers[2] = 6 letters[3] = d, numbers[3] = 9 letters[4] = e, numbers[4] = 12 letters[5] = f, numbers[5] = 15 letters[6] = g, numbers[6] = 18 letters[7] = h, numbers[7] = 21 letters[8] = i, numbers[8] = 24 letters[9] = j, numbers[9] = 27 Pointer arithmetic can be used to iterate over any contiguous chunk of memory. Here’s an example using pointer arithmetic to initialize a statically declared 2D array: // sets matrix to: // row 0: 0, 1, 2, ..., 99 // row 1: 100, 110, 120, ..., 199 // ... iptr = &(matrix[0][0]); for (i = 0; i < N*M; i++) { *iptr = i; iptr++; } // see what the code above did: printf(" 2D array values inited using pointer arith: "); for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { for (j = 0; j < M; j++) { printf("%3d ", matrix[i][j]); } printf(" "); } return 0; } The output will look like: 2D array values initialized using pointer arith: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 Pointer arithmetic can access contiguous memory locations in any pattern, starting and ending anywhere in a contiguous chunk of memory. For example, after initializing a pointer to the address of an array element, its value can be changed by more than one. For example: iptr = &numbers[2]; *iptr = -13; iptr += 4; *iptr = 9999; After executing the preceding code, printing the numbers array’s values would look like this (note that the values at index 2 and index 6 have changed): numbers[0] = 0 numbers[1] = 3 numbers[2] = -13 numbers[3] = 9 numbers[4] = 12 numbers[5] = 15 numbers[6] = 9999 numbers[7] = 21 numbers[8] = 24 numbers[9] = 27
Dive Into Systems
2.9.4. Pointer Arithmetic
If a pointer variable points to an array, a program can perform arithmetic on the pointer to access any of the array’s elements. In most cases, we recommend against using pointer arithmetic to access array elements: it’s easy to make errors and more difficult to debug when you do. However, occasionally it may be convenient to successively increment a pointer to iterate over an array of elements.
When incremented, a pointer points to the next storage location of the type it points to. For example, incrementing an integer pointer ( int * ) makes it point to the next int storage address (the address four bytes beyond its current value), and incrementing a character pointer makes it point to the next char storage address (the address one byte beyond its current value).
In the following example program, we demonstrate how to use pointer arithmetic to manipulate an array. First declare pointer variables whose type matches the array’s element type:
#define N 10 #define M 20 int main() { // array declarations: char letters[N]; int numbers[N], i, j; int matrix[N][M]; // declare pointer variables that will access int or char array elements // using pointer arithmetic (the pointer type must match array element type) char *cptr = NULL; int *iptr = NULL; …
Next, initialize the pointer variables to the base address of the arrays over which they will iterate:
// make the pointer point to the first element in the array cptr = &(letters[0]); // &(letters[0]) is the address of element 0 iptr = numbers; // the address of element 0 (numbers is &(numbers[0]))
Then, using pointer dereferencing, our program can access the array’s elements. Here, we’re dereferencing to assign a value to an array element and then incrementing the pointer variable by one to advance it to point to the next element:
// initialized letters and numbers arrays through pointer variables for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { // dereference each pointer and update the element it currently points to *cptr = 'a' + i; *iptr = i * 3; // use pointer arithmetic to set each pointer to point to the next element cptr++; // cptr points to the next char address (next element of letters) iptr++; // iptr points to the next int address (next element of numbers) } Note that in this example, the pointer values are incremented inside the loop. Thus, incrementing their value makes them point to the next element in the array. This pattern effectively walks through each element of an array in the same way that accessing cptr[i] or iptr[i] at each iteration would. The semantics of pointer arithmetic and the underlying arithmetic function The semantics of pointer arithmetic are type independent: changing any type of pointer’s value by N , ( ptr = ptr + N ) makes the pointer point N storage locations beyond its current value (or makes it point to N elements beyond the current element it points to). As a result, incrementing a pointer of any type makes it point to the very next memory location of the type it points to. However, the actual arithmetic function that the compiler generates for a pointer arithmetic expression varies depending on the type of the pointer variable (depending on the number of bytes the system uses to store the type to which it points). For example, incrementing a char pointer will increase its value by one because the very next valid char address is one byte from the current location. Incrementing an int pointer will increase its value by four because the next valid integer address is four bytes from the current location. A programmer can simply write ptr++ to make a pointer point to the next element value. The compiler generates code to add the appropriate number of bytes for the corresponding type it points to. The addition effectively sets its value to the next valid address in memory of that type. You can see how the above code modified array elements by printing out their values (we show this first using array indexing and then using pointer arithmetic to access each array element’s value): printf(" array values using indexing to access: "); // see what the code above did: for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { printf("letters[%d] = %c, numbers[%d] = %d ", i, letters[i], i, numbers[i]); } // we could also use pointer arith to print these out: printf(" array values using pointer arith to access: "); // first: initialize pointers to base address of arrays: cptr = letters; // letters == &letters[0] iptr = numbers; for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { // dereference pointers to access array element values printf("letters[%d] = %c, numbers[%d] = %d ", i, *cptr, i, *iptr); // increment pointers to point to the next element cptr++; iptr++; } Here’s what the output looks like: array values using indexing to access: letters[0] = a, numbers[0] = 0 letters[1] = b, numbers[1] = 3 letters[2] = c, numbers[2] = 6 letters[3] = d, numbers[3] = 9 letters[4] = e, numbers[4] = 12 letters[5] = f, numbers[5] = 15 letters[6] = g, numbers[6] = 18 letters[7] = h, numbers[7] = 21 letters[8] = i, numbers[8] = 24 letters[9] = j, numbers[9] = 27 array values using pointer arith to access: letters[0] = a, numbers[0] = 0 letters[1] = b, numbers[1] = 3 letters[2] = c, numbers[2] = 6 letters[3] = d, numbers[3] = 9 letters[4] = e, numbers[4] = 12 letters[5] = f, numbers[5] = 15 letters[6] = g, numbers[6] = 18 letters[7] = h, numbers[7] = 21 letters[8] = i, numbers[8] = 24 letters[9] = j, numbers[9] = 27 Pointer arithmetic can be used to iterate over any contiguous chunk of memory. Here’s an example using pointer arithmetic to initialize a statically declared 2D array: // sets matrix to: // row 0: 0, 1, 2, ..., 99 // row 1: 100, 110, 120, ..., 199 // ... iptr = &(matrix[0][0]); for (i = 0; i < N*M; i++) { *iptr = i; iptr++; } // see what the code above did: printf(" 2D array values inited using pointer arith: "); for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { for (j = 0; j < M; j++) { printf("%3d ", matrix[i][j]); } printf(" "); } return 0; } The output will look like: 2D array values initialized using pointer arith: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 Pointer arithmetic can access contiguous memory locations in any pattern, starting and ending anywhere in a contiguous chunk of memory. For example, after initializing a pointer to the address of an array element, its value can be changed by more than one. For example: iptr = &numbers[2]; *iptr = -13; iptr += 4; *iptr = 9999; After executing the preceding code, printing the numbers array’s values would look like this (note that the values at index 2 and index 6 have changed): numbers[0] = 0 numbers[1] = 3 numbers[2] = -13 numbers[3] = 9 numbers[4] = 12 numbers[5] = 15 numbers[6] = 9999 numbers[7] = 21 numbers[8] = 24 numbers[9] = 27
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